Specify plots to illustrate Normal and t Hypothesis Tests or Confidence Intervals, including normal approximation to the binomial.

Description

Specify plots to illustrate Normal and t Hypothesis Tests or Confidence Intervals, including normal approximation to the binomial.

Usage

NTplot(mean0, ...)
## Default S3 method:
NTplot(mean0=0, ..., shiny=FALSE,
        distribution.name = c("normal","z","t","binomial"))
## S3 method for class 'htest'
NTplot(mean0, ..., shiny=FALSE, NTmethod="htest")
## S3 method for class 'power.htest'
NTplot(mean0, ..., shiny=FALSE, xbar=NA, ## these input values are used
        mean1, n, df, sd, distribution.name, sub, ## these input values ignored
        alpha.left, alpha.right, number.vars) ## these input values ignored
        ## NTplot(NTplot(htest.object), n=20) ## allows override of arguments
## S3 method for class 'NormalAndTplot'
NTplot(mean0, ..., shiny=FALSE)

Arguments

Details

The graphs produced by this single function cover most of the first semester introductory Statistics course. All options of the t.test, power.t.test, and z.test are accepted and displayed.

NTplot is built on xyplot. Most of the arguments detailed in xyplot documentation work to control the appearance of the plot.

The shiny app (called when the argument shiny=TRUE) provides animated sliders for the means, standard deviation, xlimits, significance levels, df, and n. The df and n are rounded to integers for the sliders (relevant for htest and power.htest objects).

When you have a graph on the shiny window that you wish to keep, click on the "Display Options" tab, and then on the "Display Call" radio button. The main shiny window will show an R command which will reproduce the current plot. Pick it up with the mouse and drop it into an R console window.

To get out of the shiny window and return to an interactive R console, move the cursor back to the console window and interrupt the shiny call, usually by entering Ctrl-C or ESC.

Value

"trellis" object. The object can be plotted or fed back into the NTplot function with argument shiny=TRUE to allow interactive graphical investigation of the hypothesis test or confidence interval. The attributes of the object NTobj <- NTplot() attr(NTobj, "scales") and attr(NTobj, "prob") make the data values and probability values accessible for further R computations. The "call" attribute cat(attr(NT.object, "call"), "\n") displays a statement that can be copied back into R to reproduce the graph. The cat() is needed to unescape embedded quotes. The "call.list" attribute attr(NT.object, "call.list") is a list that can be used with do.call to reproduce the graph. do.call(NTplot, attr(NT.object, "call.list")). This is usually not needed by the user because the simpler statement NTplot(NT.object) does it for you.

Note

This function is built on lattice and latticeExtra. It supersedes the similar function normal.and.t.dist built on base graphics that is used in many displays in the book by Erich Neuwirth and me: R through Excel, Springer (2009). http://www.springer.com/978-1-4419-0051-7. Many details, particularly the alternate color scheme and the concept of floating probability labels, grew out of discussions that Erich and I have had since the book was published. It incorporates ideas that Jay Kerns and I developed at the 2011 UseR! conference. This version incorporates some ideas suggested by Moritz Heene.

Author(s)

Richard M. Heiberger (rmh@temple.edu)

See Also

NormalAndTplot, print.NormalAndTplot.

Examples

x1 <- rnorm(12)
x2 <- rnorm(12, mean=.5)

NT.object <- NTplot(mean0=0, mean1=1)
NT.object
attr(NT.object, "scales")
attr(NT.object, "prob")
cat(attr(NT.object, "call"), "\n") ## the cat() is needed to unescape embedded quotes.

NTplot(t.test(x1, x2))
NTplot(power.t.test(power = .90, delta = 1, alternative = "one.sided"))

## Not run: 
## 22 distinct calls are shown in
demo(NTplot, ask=FALSE)

## End(Not run)

## Not run:  ## these are interactive and do not work in static checking of the code
NTplot(mean0=0, mean1=1, shiny=TRUE)
NTplot(shiny=TRUE, px.height=475) ## default value is 575
NTplot(t.test(x1, x2), shiny=TRUE, mean1=1)
NTplot(power.t.test(power = .90, delta = 1, alternative = "one.sided"), shiny=TRUE)
NTplot(NT.object, shiny=TRUE)

## run the shiny app
shiny::runApp(system.file("shiny/NTplot", package="HH"))

## End(Not run)

Results

R version 3.3.1 (2016-06-21) -- "Bug in Your Hair"
Copyright (C) 2016 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)

R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.

R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
Type 'contributors()' for more information and
'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.

Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
Type 'q()' to quit R.

> library(HH)
Loading required package: lattice
Loading required package: grid
Loading required package: latticeExtra
Loading required package: RColorBrewer
Loading required package: multcomp
Loading required package: mvtnorm
Loading required package: survival
Loading required package: TH.data
Loading required package: MASS

Attaching package: 'TH.data'

The following object is masked from 'package:MASS':

    geyser

Loading required package: gridExtra
> png(filename="/home/ddbj/snapshot/RGM3/R_CC/result/HH/NormalAndT.Rd_%03d_medium.png", width=480, height=480)
> ### Name: NTplot
> ### Title: Specify plots to illustrate Normal and t Hypothesis Tests or
> ###   Confidence Intervals, including normal approximation to the binomial.
> ### Aliases: NTplot NTplot.default NTplot.htest NTplot.power.htest
> ###   NTplot.NormalAndTplot
> ### Keywords: hplot shiny
> 
> ### ** Examples
> 
> x1 <- rnorm(12)
> x2 <- rnorm(12, mean=.5)
> 
> NT.object <- NTplot(mean0=0, mean1=1)
> NT.object
> attr(NT.object, "scales")
            mu[0]      mu[a]  w[crit.R]
bar(x)  0.0000000  1.0000000  1.6448536
z       0.0000000  1.0000000  1.6448536
z[1]   -1.0000000  0.0000000  0.6448536
> attr(NT.object, "prob")
      Probability
alpha    0.050000
power    0.259511
beta     0.740489
> cat(attr(NT.object, "call"), "\n") ## the cat() is needed to unescape embedded quotes.
NTplot(mean0=0, mean1=1, xbar=NA, df=Inf, n=1, sd=1, xlim=c(-3,4), ylim=c(0,0.41489997161749), alpha.right=0.05, alpha.left=0, float=TRUE, ntcolors="original", digits=4, distribution.name="normal", type="hypothesis", zaxis=FALSE, z1axis=FALSE, cex.z=0.5, cex.prob=0.6, main=expression("normal: " * sigma[bar(x)] == "1" * ", " ~ n == 1), xlab=expression(w == bar(x)), prob.labels=TRUE, number.vars=1, sub=NULL, NTmethod="default", power=FALSE, beta=FALSE) 
> 
> NTplot(t.test(x1, x2))
> NTplot(power.t.test(power = .90, delta = 1, alternative = "one.sided"))
> 
> ## Not run: 
> ##D ## 22 distinct calls are shown in
> ##D demo(NTplot, ask=FALSE)
> ## End(Not run)
> 
> ## Not run: 
> ##D  ## these are interactive and do not work in static checking of the code
> ##D NTplot(mean0=0, mean1=1, shiny=TRUE)
> ##D NTplot(shiny=TRUE, px.height=475) ## default value is 575
> ##D NTplot(t.test(x1, x2), shiny=TRUE, mean1=1)
> ##D NTplot(power.t.test(power = .90, delta = 1, alternative = "one.sided"), shiny=TRUE)
> ##D NTplot(NT.object, shiny=TRUE)
> ##D 
> ##D ## run the shiny app
> ##D shiny::runApp(system.file("shiny/NTplot", package="HH"))
> ## End(Not run)
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> dev.off()
null device 
          1 
>