Encode/Decode base64 content

Description

These functions encode and decode strings using base64 representations. base64 can be used as a single entry point with an argument to encode or decode. The other two functions perform the specific action.

Usage

base64(txt, encode = !inherits(txt, "base64"), mode = "character")

Arguments

Details

This calls the routines in libcurl. These are not declared in the curl header files. So the support may need to be handled carefully on some platforms, e.g. Microsoft Windows.

Value

If encode is TRUE, a character vector with a class named base64. If decode is TRUE, a simple string.

Note

This is currently not vectorized.

We might extend this to work with raw objects.

Author(s)

Duncan Temple Lang

References

libcurl - http://curl.haxx.se Wikipedia's explanation of base 64 encoding - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64

Examples

    # encode and then decode a simple string.
  txt = "Some simple text for base 64 to handle"
  x = base64(txt)
  base64(x)

    # encode to a raw vector
  x = base64("Simple text", TRUE, "raw")

    # decode to a character string.
  ans = base64Decode(x)
  ans == txt
    # decoded to a raw format.
  ans = base64Decode(x, "raw")


   # Binary data
#  f = paste(R.home(), "doc", "html", "logo.jpg", sep = .Platform$file.sep)
  f = system.file("examples", "logo.jpg", package = "RCurl")
  img = readBin(f, "raw", file.info(f)[1, "size"])
  b64 = base64Encode(img, "raw")
  back = base64Decode(b64, "raw")
  identical(img, back)

   # alternatively, we can encode to a string and then decode back again
   # to raw and see that we preserve the date.
 
  enc = base64Encode(img, "character")
  dec = base64Decode(enc, "raw")
  identical(img, dec)


   # The following would be the sort of computation we could do if we
   # could have in-memory raw connections.
   # We would save() some objects to such an in-memory binary/raw connection
   # and then encode the resulting raw vector into a character vector.
   # Then we can insert that into a message, e.g. an email message or
   # an XML document and when we receive it in a different R session
   # we would get the string and reverse the encoding from the string to
   # a raw vector
   # In the absence of that in-memory connection  facility in save(),
   # we can use a file.
  
  x = 1:10

   # save two objects - a function and a vector
  f = paste(tempfile(), "rda", sep = ".")
  save(base64, x, file = f)

   # now read the results back from that file as a raw vector
  data = readBin(f, "raw", file.info(f)[1,"size"])

   # base64 encode it
  txt = base64Encode(data, "character")

  if(require(XML)) {
    tt = xmlTree("r:data", namespaces = c(r = "http://www.r-project.org"))
    tt$addNode(newXMLTextNode(txt))
    out = saveXML(tt)


    doc = xmlRoot(xmlTreeParse(out, asText = TRUE))
    rda = base64Decode(xmlValue(doc), "raw")
    f = tempfile()
    writeBin(rda, f)
    e = new.env()
    load(f, e)
    objects(e)
  }

   # we'd like to be able to do
   #  con = rawConnection(raw(), 'r+')
   #  save(base64, x, file = con)
   #  txt = base64Encode(rawConnectionValue(con), "character")
   # ... write and read xml stuff
   #  val = xmlValue(doc)
   #  rda = base64Decode(val, "raw")
   #  e = new.env()
   #  input = rawConnection(o, "r")
   #  load(input, e)

Results

R version 3.3.1 (2016-06-21) -- "Bug in Your Hair"
Copyright (C) 2016 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)

R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.

R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
Type 'contributors()' for more information and
'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.

Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
Type 'q()' to quit R.

> library(RCurl)
Loading required package: bitops
> png(filename="/home/ddbj/snapshot/RGM3/R_CC/result/RCurl/base64.Rd_%03d_medium.png", width=480, height=480)
> ### Name: base64
> ### Title: Encode/Decode base64 content
> ### Aliases: base64 base64Encode base64Decode
> ### Keywords: IO programming
> 
> ### ** Examples
> 
>     # encode and then decode a simple string.
>   txt = "Some simple text for base 64 to handle"
>   x = base64(txt)
>   base64(x)
[1] "Some simple text for base 64 to handle"
> 
>     # encode to a raw vector
>   x = base64("Simple text", TRUE, "raw")
> 
>     # decode to a character string.
>   ans = base64Decode(x)
>   ans == txt
[1] FALSE
>     # decoded to a raw format.
>   ans = base64Decode(x, "raw")
> 
> 
>    # Binary data
> #  f = paste(R.home(), "doc", "html", "logo.jpg", sep = .Platform$file.sep)
>   f = system.file("examples", "logo.jpg", package = "RCurl")
>   img = readBin(f, "raw", file.info(f)[1, "size"])
>   b64 = base64Encode(img, "raw")
>   back = base64Decode(b64, "raw")
>   identical(img, back)
[1] TRUE
> 
>    # alternatively, we can encode to a string and then decode back again
>    # to raw and see that we preserve the date.
>  
>   enc = base64Encode(img, "character")
>   dec = base64Decode(enc, "raw")
>   identical(img, dec)
[1] TRUE
> 
> 
>    # The following would be the sort of computation we could do if we
>    # could have in-memory raw connections.
>    # We would save() some objects to such an in-memory binary/raw connection
>    # and then encode the resulting raw vector into a character vector.
>    # Then we can insert that into a message, e.g. an email message or
>    # an XML document and when we receive it in a different R session
>    # we would get the string and reverse the encoding from the string to
>    # a raw vector
>    # In the absence of that in-memory connection  facility in save(),
>    # we can use a file.
>   
>   x = 1:10
> 
>    # save two objects - a function and a vector
>   f = paste(tempfile(), "rda", sep = ".")
>   save(base64, x, file = f)
> 
>    # now read the results back from that file as a raw vector
>   data = readBin(f, "raw", file.info(f)[1,"size"])
> 
>    # base64 encode it
>   txt = base64Encode(data, "character")
> 
>   if(require(XML)) {
+     tt = xmlTree("r:data", namespaces = c(r = "http://www.r-project.org"))
+     tt$addNode(newXMLTextNode(txt))
+     out = saveXML(tt)
+ 
+ 
+     doc = xmlRoot(xmlTreeParse(out, asText = TRUE))
+     rda = base64Decode(xmlValue(doc), "raw")
+     f = tempfile()
+     writeBin(rda, f)
+     e = new.env()
+     load(f, e)
+     objects(e)
+   }
Loading required package: XML
[1] "base64" "x"     
Warning message:
In xmlRoot.XMLInternalDocument(currentNodes[[1]]) : empty XML document
> 
>    # we'd like to be able to do
>    #  con = rawConnection(raw(), 'r+')
>    #  save(base64, x, file = con)
>    #  txt = base64Encode(rawConnectionValue(con), "character")
>    # ... write and read xml stuff
>    #  val = xmlValue(doc)
>    #  rda = base64Decode(val, "raw")
>    #  e = new.env()
>    #  input = rawConnection(o, "r")
>    #  load(input, e)
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> dev.off()
null device 
          1 
>