Produces a weighted matrix of sympatric association between species from
their points of occurrence.
Usage
toposimilar(dotdata)
Arguments
dotdata
Object of class 'dotdata'
Details
This function accounts for the strength of sympatric relationships between
species. In considering traditional approaches to measure
sympatry, distributions are coded into some contour maps and the percentage of
overlap between distributions is then calculated. Here, there is independence
from explicit species areas, so arbitrary enclosing areas for the raw points
of occurrence are avoided. On the contrary, this function focuses on the
resemblance between patterns of spatial occupancy followed by the records themselves.
The minimum spanning tree (MST) of species dots are used as the operational tool to
capture the skeleton of their spatial pattern. If two sets of points associated to a
pair of species are both close and interpenetrated (i.e. exhibit a similar
pattern and likely belong to an underlying area of common membership), the
MST of the joint set of points is expected to be formed by several arcs connecting
interspecific pair of points. For a pair of species, sympatry is considered
when their joint set of points gives rises to a MST not longer than the sum of
the individual MST lengths associated to each species. If two species have a
single record each, they are considered maximally sympatric if they co-occur
at the same single point.
Value
Returns a matrix that expresses the spatial similarity between species point sets.
Non-negative values suggest sympatry and denote the relative strength of
association in the interval [0, 1].
Negative values suggest allopatry and correspond (their absolute image)
to the shortest geographical gap between dot sets.
Author(s)
Daniel A. Dos Santos <dadossantos@csnat.unt.edu.ar>
References
Dos Santos D.A., Cuezzo M.G., Reynaga M.C., Dominguez E. 2011. Towards a Dynamic
Analysis of Weighted Networks in Biogeography. Systematic Biology (in press).
Dos Santos D.A., Deutsch R. 2010. The Positive Matching Index: a New Similarity
Measure with Optimal Characteristics. Pattern Recognition Letters 31: 1570-1576.
See Also
Objects of class 'dotdata' are created via procdnpoint.
Examples
data(mayflynz)
aux <- procdnpoint(mayflynz)
# Infer the weighted sympatry matrix and display
# a portion of its entries.
head(toposimilar(aux))