Observed spatial point process of class ppp.

Method to use, can be one of "dist" (method of fixed radius or quantile-based method), or "intens" (intensity-based method)

criterion to limit the high-risk zone, can be one of "area" (giving size of hrz), "indirect" (giving quantile/alpha depending on type), or "direct" (giving radius/threshold c depending on type)

Value of criterion (area, radius, quantile, alpha or threshold). Depending on criterion and type: If criterion = "direct", cutoff is the threshold. If criterion = "indirect", cutoff is the quantile for the quantile-based method and the failure probability alpha for the intensity-base method. If criterion = "area", cutoff is the area the high-risk zone should have.

(optional) distance map: distance of every pixel to the nearest observation of the point pattern; only needed for type="dist". If not given, it will be computed by distmap.

(optional) estimated intensity of the observed process (object of class "im"), only needed for type="intens". If not given, it will be estimated using density.ppp.

Probability of having unobserved events. Default value is 0.1.

(optional) Covariance matrix of the kernel of a normal distribution, only needed for type="intens" if no intensity is given. If not given, it will be estimated using Hscv.