Missing data pattern

Description

Display missing-data patterns.

Usage

md.pattern(x)

Arguments

Details

This function is useful for investigating any structure of missing observation in the data. In specific case, the missing data pattern could be (nearly) monotone. Monotonicity can be used to simplify the imputation model. See Schafer (1997) for details. Also, the missing pattern could suggest which variables could potentially be useful for imputation of missing entries.

Value

A matrix with ncol(x)+1 columns, in which each row corresponds to a missing data pattern (1=observed, 0=missing). Rows and columns are sorted in increasing amounts of missing information. The last column and row contain row and column counts, respectively.

Author(s)

Stef van Buuren, Karin Groothuis-Oudshoorn, 2000

References

Schafer, J.L. (1997), Analysis of multivariate incomplete data. London: Chapman&Hall.

Van Buuren, S., Groothuis-Oudshoorn, K. (2011). mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 45(3), 1-67. http://www.jstatsoft.org/v45/i03/

Examples

md.pattern(nhanes)
#     age hyp bmi chl
#  13   1   1   1   1  0
#   1   1   1   0   1  1
#   3   1   1   1   0  1
#   1   1   0   0   1  2
#   7   1   0   0   0  3
#   0   8   9  10 27

Results