Effects of Mandatory Seat Belt Laws in the US

Description

Balanced panel data for the years 1983–1997 from 50 US States, plus the District of Columbia, for assessing traffic fatalities and seat belt usage.

Usage

data("USSeatBelts")

Format

A data frame containing 765 observations on 12 variables.

state

factor indicating US state (abbreviation).

year

factor indicating year.

miles

millions of traffic miles per year.

fatalities

number of fatalities per million of traffic miles (absolute frequencies of fatalities = fatalities times miles).

seatbelt

seat belt usage rate, as self-reported by state population surveyed.

speed65

factor. Is there a 65 mile per hour speed limit?

speed70

factor. Is there a 70 (or higher) mile per hour speed limit?

drinkage

factor. Is there a minimum drinking age of 21 years?

alcohol

factor. Is there a maximum of 0.08 blood alcohol content?

income

median per capita income (in current US dollar).

age

mean age.

enforce

factor indicating seat belt law enforcement ("no", "primary", "secondary").

Details

Some data series from Cohen and Einav (2003) have not been included in the data frame.

Source

Online complements to Stock and Watson (2007).

http://wps.aw.com/aw_stock_ie_2/

References

Cohen, A., and Einav, L. (2003). The Effects of Mandatory Seat Belt Laws on Driving Behavior and Traffic Fatalities. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 85, 828–843

Stock, J.H. and Watson, M.W. (2007). Introduction to Econometrics, 2nd ed. Boston: Addison Wesley.

See Also

StockWatson2007

Examples

data("USSeatBelts")
summary(USSeatBelts)

library("lattice")
xyplot(fatalities ~ as.numeric(as.character(year)) | state, data = USSeatBelts, type = "l")

Results

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> library(AER)
Loading required package: car
Loading required package: lmtest
Loading required package: zoo

Attaching package: 'zoo'

The following objects are masked from 'package:base':

    as.Date, as.Date.numeric

Loading required package: sandwich
Loading required package: survival
> png(filename="/home/ddbj/snapshot/RGM3/R_CC/result/AER/USSeatBelts.Rd_%03d_medium.png", width=480, height=480)
> ### Name: USSeatBelts
> ### Title: Effects of Mandatory Seat Belt Laws in the US
> ### Aliases: USSeatBelts
> ### Keywords: datasets
> 
> ### ** Examples
> 
> data("USSeatBelts")
> summary(USSeatBelts)
     state          year         miles          fatalities      
 AK     : 15   1983   : 51   Min.   :  3099   Min.   :0.008327  
 AL     : 15   1984   : 51   1st Qu.: 11401   1st Qu.:0.017341  
 AR     : 15   1985   : 51   Median : 30319   Median :0.021199  
 AZ     : 15   1986   : 51   Mean   : 41448   Mean   :0.021490  
 CA     : 15   1987   : 51   3rd Qu.: 52312   3rd Qu.:0.024774  
 CO     : 15   1988   : 51   Max.   :285612   Max.   :0.045470  
 (Other):675   (Other):459                                      
    seatbelt      speed65   speed70   drinkage  alcohol       income     
 Min.   :0.0600   no :271   no :711   no : 88   no :676   Min.   : 8372  
 1st Qu.:0.4200   yes:494   yes: 54   yes:677   yes: 89   1st Qu.:14266  
 Median :0.5500                                           Median :17624  
 Mean   :0.5289                                           Mean   :17993  
 3rd Qu.:0.6500                                           3rd Qu.:21080  
 Max.   :0.8700                                           Max.   :35863  
 NA's   :209                                                             
      age             enforce   
 Min.   :28.23   no       :293  
 1st Qu.:34.39   primary  : 93  
 Median :35.39   secondary:379  
 Mean   :35.14                  
 3rd Qu.:36.13                  
 Max.   :39.17                  
                                
> 
> library("lattice")
> xyplot(fatalities ~ as.numeric(as.character(year)) | state, data = USSeatBelts, type = "l")
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> dev.off()
null device 
          1 
>