Data refer to chemical properties of 178 specimens of three
types of wine produced in the Piedmont region of Italy.
Usage
data(wines)
Format
A data frame with 178 observations on the following 28 variables.
wine
wine name (categorical variable
with levels Barbera, Barolo, Grignolino)
alcohol
alcohol percentage (numeric)
sugar
sugar-free extract (numeric)
acidity
fixed acidity (numeric)
tartaric
tartaric acid (numeric)
malic
malic acid (numeric)
uronic
uronic acids (numeric)
pH
pH (numeric)
ash
ash (numeric)
alcal_ash
alcalinity of ash (numeric)
potassium
potassium (numeric)
calcium
calcium (numeric)
magnesium
magnesium (numeric)
phosphate
phosphate (numeric)
cloride
chloride (numeric)
phenols
total phenols (numeric)
flavanoids
flavanoids (numeric)
nonflavanoids
nonflavanoid phenols (numeric)
proanthocyanins
proanthocyanins (numeric)
colour
colour intensity (numeric)
hue
hue (numeric)
OD_dw
ODâ??/ODââ? of diluted wines
(numeric)
OD_fl
ODâ??/ODââ? of flavanoids
(numeric)
glycerol
glycerol (numeric)
butanediol
2,3-butanediol (numeric)
nitrogen
total nitrogen (numeric)
proline
proline (numeric)
methanol
methanol (numeric)
Details
The data represent 27 chemical measurements on each of 178 wine specimens
belonging to three types of wine produced in the Piedmont region of Italy.
The data have been presented and examined by Forina et al. (1986) and
were freely accessible from the PARVUS web-site until it was active.
These data or, more often, a subset of them are now available from various
places, including some R packages. The present dataset includes
all variables available on the PARVUS repository, which are
the variables listed by Forina et al. (1986) with the exception
of ‘Sulphate’. Moreover, it reveals the undocumented fact that
the original dataset appears to include also the vintage year;
see the final portion of the ‘Examples’ below.
Source
Forina, M., Lanteri, S. Armanino, C., Casolino, C., Casale, M. and Oliveri, P.
V-PARVUS 2008: an extendible package of programs for esplorative
data analysis, classification and regression analysis.
Dip. Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche ed Alimentari,
Università di Genova, Italia. Web-site (not accessible as of 2014):
http://www.parvus.unige.it
References
Forina M., Armanino C., Castino M. and Ubigli M. (1986).
Multivariate data analysis as a discriminating method of the origin of wines.
Vitis25, 189–201.
Examples
data(wines)
pairs(wines[,c(2,3,16:18)], col=as.numeric(wines$wine))
#
code <- substr(rownames(wines), 1, 3)
table(wines$wine, code)
#
year <- as.numeric(substr(rownames(wines), 6, 7))
table(wines$wine, year)
# coincides with Table 1(a) of Forina et al. (1986)